Prevalence of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in China: A Community-Based,Cross-Sectional Study

International hospital-based studies have indicated a high risk of cognitive impairment after stroke, evidence from community-based studies in China is scarce. To determine the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its subtypes in stroke survivors residing in selected rural and urban Chinese communities, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in 599 patients accounting for 48% of all stroke survivors registered in the 4 communities, who had suffered confirmed strokes and had undergone cognitive assessments via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Hachinski Ischemia Scale (HIS). Detection of PSCI was based on scores in these neuropsychological scales. Factors potentially impacting on occurrence of PSCI were explored by comparing demographic characteristics, stroke features, and cardiovascular risk factors between patients with and without PSCI. The overall prevalence of PSCI was 80.97% (95%CI: 77.82%-84.11%), while that of non-dementia PSCI (PSCI-ND) and post-stroke vascular dementia (PSD) was 48.91% (95%CI: 44.91%-52.92%) and 32.05% (95%CI: 28.32%-35.79%), respectively. Prior stroke and complications during the acute phase were independent risk factors for PSCI. The risk of recurrent stroke survivors having PSCI was 2.7 times higher than for first-episode survivors, and it was 3 times higher for those with complications during the acute phase than for those without. The higher prevalence of PSCI in this study compared with previous Chinese studies was possibly due to the combined effects of including rural stroke survivors, a longer period from stroke onset, and different assessment methods. There is an urgent need to recognize and prevent PSCI in stroke patients, especially those with recurrent stroke and complications during the acute phase.     

Mediator structure and conformation change

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Application of automated DNA sizing technology for genotyping microsatellite loci.

Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci offer great promise for gene mapping studies, but fulfillment of this potential will require substantial improvements in methods for accurate and efficient genotyping. Here, we report a genotyping method based on fluorescently labeled PCR primers and size characterization of PCR products using an automated DNA fragment analyzer. We capitalize on the availability of three distinct fluorescent dyes to label uniquely loci that overlap in size, and this innovation increases by threefold the number of loci that can be analyzed simultaneously. We label size standards with a fourth dye and combine these with the microsatellite PCR products in each gel lane. Computer programs provide very rapid and accurate sizing of microsatellite alleles and efficient data management. In addition, fluorescence signals are linear over a much greater range of intensity than conventional autoradiography. This facilitates multiplexing of loci (since signal intensities often vary greatly) and helps distinguish major peaks from artifacts, thereby improving genotyping accuracy.     

微波辐射对小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱含量及胆碱乙酸转移酶活性的影响

用频率为2450MHz功率密度为10mW/Cm~2(WBASAR约11.4W/kg)的微波(连续波)对置于微波暗室内的昆明种雄性小鼠急性全身照射1小时后,立即按常规方法断头,取脑,制成样品,然后用放射免疫测定法测量小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱(ACh)含量及胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)活性。结果表明:照射组的ACh含量为11.6±1.4pmol/mg(脑鲜重),ChAT活性为45.4±8.7pmolACh/min.mg(脑鲜重);而对照组的分别为16.0±2.1pmol/mg和61.0±13.8pmolACh/min.mg。证明微波照射后可引起动物脑内ACh水平和ChAT活性下降,提示微波辐射对中枢胆碱能系统确有不利影响。     

Binding inhibition by monoclonal antibodies of ovine placental lactogen to growth hormone receptors in human liver

In the radioreceptor assay for growth hormone (RRA-GH) using [125I]iodo-hGH, hGH and human liver membrane particulate fractions as tracer, hormone standard and receptors, respectively, ovine placental lactogen (oPL) is capable of inhibiting the binding of [125I]iodo-hGH in a parallel manner with hGH and in equipotency. Similarly, in the RRA-GH by employing [125I]iodo-oPL, oPL and human liver membrane particulate fractions as tracer, hormone standard and receptors, respectively, hGH is also equipotent as oPL in inhibiting the binding of [125I]iodo-oPL in a parallel fashion. The addition of monoclonal antibodies against oPL in the assay was effective in inhibiting the binding of [125I] iodo-oPL to human liver, but could not, however, inhibit the binding of [125I]iodo-hGH to human liver. Furthermore, the addition of the monoclonal antibodies in the RRA-GH did not affect the parallelism of the oPL standard but lowered the total binding of oPL. Our studies indicate that the structure of the binding sequence in oPL which binds to the GH receptor of human liver is not identical to the equivalent sequence of hGH and that the monoclonal antibodies compete with GH receptors in human liver for the binding of oPL.     

三种野生和四个栽培棉种的核型研究

作者对棉属 D 组的瑟伯氏棉(Gossypium thurberi)、戴维逊氏棉(C.davidsonii)、雷蒙德氏棉(G.raimondii)、A 组的草棉(G.herbaceum)、中棉(G.arboreum)、AD 组的陆地棉(G.htrsutum)和海岛棉(C.barbadense)等7个种的核型进行了研究。各个种的核型可简式为:瑟伯氏棉2n=2x=26=24m 2Sm(2SAT);戴维逊氏棉20=2x=26=20m 6Sm(4SAT);雷蒙德氏棉2n=2x=26=20m 6Sm(2SAT);草棉2n=2x=26=18m 4Sm 4St(4SAT);中棉2n=2x=26=18m 6Sm(2SAT) 2St(2SAT);陆地棉2n=4x=52=32m 18Sm(4SAT) 2St(2SAT);海岛棉20=4x=52=38m 12Sm(2SAT) 2St(2SAT)。此外,作者对四倍体种的 A 组和 D 组的供体问题进行了讨论。     

水稻品种超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性与氧抑光合的关系

O_2抑光合程度不同的水稻品种,SOD活性存在差异。在40％O_2下,SOD活性被诱导增加水平高、延续时间长的品种,表现O_2抑光合程度小,反之则O_2抑光合程度大。在自然条件下,强光、高温都是诱导SOD活性变化的因素。选择SOD活性高、O_2抑光合程度小的种质资源可能有利于适应对光合不利的逆境条件。